高分辨湖泊沉积和孢粉记录对气候、水文变化的响应   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

于革 《沉积学报》2011,29(1):118-124

通过对长江中游网湖钻孔高精度分层样品(1.5年/样品)的沉积学和孢粉学研究,试图揭示过去百年网湖在由开放到封闭体系变化中,沉积孢粉与气候、水文动力变化的过程及其相互关系.相关分析和低频滤波分析,反映出沉积物和孢粉的变化对流域降水和长江流量的敏感响应.在过去130年中的多雨洪水年份,湖泊受长江倒灌影响,沉积物以黏土细颗粒...  相似文献   

河南桐柏吴城碱矿定向水平对接采卤井堵漏工艺可行性分析          下载免费PDF全文

唐孟龙  崔桂平  邹柒庚 《探矿工程》2011,38(11):27-31

河南桐柏吴城碱矿采卤生产井堵漏问题一直困扰着该地区采卤井钻井速度,多年来未取得突破性进展。经过在SP08井现场进行水泥注浆堵漏试验,得出该地层漏失特性为遇水可溶的裂缝性漏失。根据这个特性,结合室内试验,从堵漏材料选择、工艺两方面较为系统地总结出该地区堵漏技术,制定出以高失水材料为主,配合桥堵材料综合技术措施及承压工艺方法。为今后该矿区快速、高效堵漏提供了有效的技术支持。  相似文献   

贵州地质灾害发育分区   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨森林  陈革平  裴永炜 《贵州地质》2011,28(2):131-134,144

本文以地质灾害发育度为依据,对贵州省进行了地质灾害发育程度分区。阐述了发育分区的技术方法、分区结果及分区特征。在分区结果的基础上,对贵州省地质灾害发育分布规律进行了讨论,并提出了发育分区下的地质灾害防治建议。  相似文献   

徐州农业生产面临气象灾害风险的评估     

孙光东  蔡勤  栾承淼 《气象科学》2011,(S1):105-109

根据徐州市历年来各种气象灾害对农业造成影响的资料, 应用信息扩散的模糊数学理论模型, 对徐州地区洪涝、干旱、风雹和霜冻等气象灾害进行风险评估, 并对客观风险评估值进行分析, 得到与历史上实际灾害发生的概率较吻合的结论, 使用这种方法为我们开展气象灾害风险评估提供了客观的数据。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal controls on historical channel responses – study of an atypical case: Someşu Mic River,Romania     

Ioana Perşoiu  Maria Rădoane 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(10):1391-1409

In this paper the spatial and temporal responses of the Some?u Mic River (Romania) to natural and anthropogenic controls over the past 150 years are analysed, based on a series of morphometric parameters extracted from five successive sets of topographic maps and one set of orthophotos. Prior to the intensive hydrotechnical interventions of the last four decades, the river was characterized by a complex alternation of different channel types, resulting in a mixture of alluvial and mixed sinuous – meandering – sinuous anabranched – meandering anabranched reaches, each a few hundred metres to a few kilometres long. The main cause for this spatial behaviour was the local geology. Its effects were intensified by a larger scale slope, slightly higher than along a longitudinal profile with normal concavity, as a consequence of the presence of a 400 m elevation knick‐point located in the catchment area. A generalized maintenance of river in the floodplain perimeter during the entire interval of study (centennial scale), with local planform adjustments and lack of median scale avulsion in lateral tilting areas and along the anabranched reaches, channel lengthening and meander development during hydrological stable periods and channel shortening and increasing of natural cutoffs during periods with higher incidence of floods (decadal scale), and the incapacity of local morphologic changes resulted from human interventions to completely counterbalance general trends (decadal scale), supports the idea of decreasing the amplitude and frequency of important floods, after the end of the Little Ice Age. Channel metamorphosis by canalization, diminishing/elimination of overflows and medium‐scale avulsions by changes in flow regimes (dams) and the presence of dykes in the floodplain perimeter, channel narrowing (43%) and incision (at least after 1945) downstream from dams, and probably because of in‐channel gravel mining are the main anthropically induced changes along the Some?u Mic River. Even if human impact is important, both at the drainage basin scale and along the Some?u Mic River, it has only local impacts, subordinated to climate. The low level of human impact on this river could be the consequence of the higher general slope downstream from 400 m elevation knick‐point, which probably forces the positioning of its effects under an important internal threshold of the fluvial system. This boundary condition defines Some?u Mic River as an atypical river. This study supports the idea that climate has a more important role in the post‐Little Ice Age (LIA) rivers' behaviour than currently accepted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

What should these rivers look like? Historical range of variability and human impacts in the Colorado Front Range,USA     

Ellen Wohl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(10):1378-1390

Historical range of variability (HRV) describes the range of temporal and spatial variations in river variables such as flow regime or channel planform prior to intensive human alteration of the ecosystem. In mountainous river networks, HRV is most usefully applied to spatially differentiated geomorphic process domains with distinctive form and process. Using the Colorado Front Range as an example, three examples of how knowledge of HRV can assist river management and restoration are discussed. The examples involve instream wood load and channel morphology, beaver colonies and valley‐bottom form and process, and flow thresholds in regulated rivers. The question of what a river should look like – that is, what range of process and form the river included prior to intensive human alteration – can be addressed by (i) placing the river within a process domain, (ii) establishing correlations between form parameters that can be remotely sensed and reach‐scale process and form, so that the spatial extent, connectivity, and rarity of process domains within a river network or a region can be quickly assessed, (iii) inferring characteristics of the river prior to intensive alteration by documenting characteristics of the least altered reference rivers and by using proxy indicators of pre‐alteration conditions, and (iv) establishing process thresholds that must be exceeded to maintain form (e.g. flow thresholds to mobilize bed sediment). Once this context has been established, resource managers can better evaluate the options for restoring altered riverine form and function. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

山西周边地区地震类型分区特征          下载免费PDF全文

宋美琴  李斌  吕芳  王秀文  梁向军 《地震学报》2011,33(5):691-696

中国大陆中强地震余震序列的研究(王华林,周翠英,1997;刁守中等,2002;蒋海昆等,2006)表明,中强地震序列类型空间分布具有统计意义上较明显的区域性特征.即某些区域中强地震以某种类型的序列活动为主,另一些区域又以另外类型的序列活动为主,固定区域的序列类型保持相对的稳定性.事实上,  相似文献   

汶川Ms8.0地震灾害的非对称分布与成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

周庆  张春山  陈献程 《地震学报》2011,33(4):492-504

在汶川Ms8.0地震中,地震灾害在灾区相对于发震断层,呈现各种非对称分布.断层高角度逆冲诱发的崩塌、滑坡的规模与数量在断层上盘区远远高于断层下盘区,在垂直断层方向,高烈度区断层上盘宽度往往大于下盘宽度,上述不对称性反映了逆断层型地震存在加速度峰值的上盘效应;而在破裂的传播方向存在的地震波多普勒效应则造成沿长轴方向东北部...  相似文献   

山西地震应急评估系统模型本地化研究     

杨斌  程紫燕  郑树平 《山西地震》2011,(2):42-45,48

地震发生时,地震应急指挥技术系统在应急基础数据库的支持下,可以迅速判断地震的规模、影响范围、人员伤亡、经济损失等情况。文章对影响计算结果的破坏矩阵、影响场模型等进行了分析,并分别与历史地震震后实际的灾害损失情况进行对比,以找到适合山西地区的本地化模型参数,为地震应急指挥提供科学的参考依据。  相似文献   

汶川8．0级特大地震汉源县震害特点与烈度异常成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷东宁  蔡永建  李恒  陈蜀俊 《四川地震》2011,(4):35-39

本文在汉源县地震灾害调查的基础上,通过收集前人在该区已取得的成果资料,采用综合分析、类比等方法,对汉源县地震烈度异常区震害及造成异常的原因进行了分析探讨。汉源县建筑物破坏形式以水平地震作用造成的“X”型剪切破坏为主,竖向地震造成的破坏较少。地震波传播路径、场地土层条件和地形地貌条件三者的耦合是造成汉源县烈度异常的主要原因,其中场地土层中占优势厚度的砾石层是造成场地地震波放大的主要内因。本文取得的初步结论为更加深入地科学研究本区地震烈度异常的原因提供了新思路。  相似文献